Introduction of the new Nokia Lumia Product Essay

Introduction of the new Nokia Lumia Product - Essay Example product development is crucial to survive in the global competitive environment especially when it comes to technology such as gadgets, mobile phones, tabs and other electronic devices. In the era of globalisation it becomes crucial for organisation to innovate new product to keep up with the competition in the global environment and secure a better market place. Timely and responsive new products have become more critical in the global environment and there arise the need to response quickly to the changing dynamics of global forces (Yelkur & Herbig, 1996, p. 38). Methodology Research methodology includes two forms of research, primary research and secondary research. Primary researches are conducted based on questionnaires, interviews and can be both qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Secondary research is based on data which were already found and an analysis is made on the existing data. The methodology used to analyse the product introduced by Nokia, Nokia Lumia 820 and 920 in collaboration with Microsoft operating system are done mainly through secondary research. Data are collected from sources such as web, books, news and other relevant sources and are further analysed. Analysis and findings of Nokia and Microsoft are also based on SWOT analysis. Findings and Analysis According to IDC press release the global mobile phone market grew by 1% in the second quarter of 2012 where Apple and Samsung shipped half of the global Smartphone. With respect to the Operating System, Android has expanded its dominance in the global Smartphone market and accounted for 68% of the total Smartphone shipped in second quarter in 2012. According to findings, success of Android can be traced to Samsung accounting for 44%, iOS posted growth with double digit and remains at... This essay stresses that Nokia currently has been suffering from a major decline in market share leading to major loss for the company. Symbia which was the OS for Nokia did not help the company to generate enough revenue and as a result the company has partnered with Microsoft regarded as an opportunity for the company to increase its market share and profits. Nokia was facing a tough challenge from OS like Android, iOS due to the lack of innovation made by Nokia and also its slow response to match up the international market demands. Thus the advantage of pairing Nokia with Microsoft will be beneficial for both as within six months of the launch of Lumia Nokia from zero percentage went up to a third of the overall windows phone devices in the US. Nokia which was once the market leader in the mobile category had recently suffered a setback in the smart phone category and is trying to catch up with Apple and Samsung. This paper makes a conclusion that the management decision to partner with Microsoft has resulted to be beneficial for Nokia as the growth rate has increased within the six months of its launch of Nokia Lumia 820 and 920. In the competitive mobile Smartphone market, Nokia was lagging behind the market leaders Samsung and Apple and had suffered huge loss. Now entering into partnership with Microsoft it hope to regain back its lost market share and introduce new range of products with exciting features.

Herbert Mullin Criminal Profile Essay Example for Free

Herbert Mullin Criminal Profile Essay Mullin Herbert Mullin was born in Salina California which happens to be the anniversary of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake as well as Einstein’s death. He was the youngest between him and his sibling, Patricia. He was raised by both parents Jean and Bill Mullin. He didn’t have any problems in school he was popular and physically attractive. He had a good childhood but through his life span he made a lot of wrong decisions that includes drug abuse which aggravated schizophrenia. In high school he had a lot of friends and was quite popular. He played football and had a steady relationship and was voted most likely to succeed. At the age of eighteen he attended Cabrillo College to study engineering. In the summer of 1967 he graduated with a two year degree in road engineering and enrolled at San Jose State College change his major to philosophy and took on the hippie lifestyle. At the age of twenty-one In June 1965 people began to think that his sanity was deteriorating due to the fact that he built a shrine in his bedroom to Dean, his friend that was killed in a car accident the summer after graduation. At the age of nineteen he first experienced LSD which lead him to experimenting more with marijuana and LSD. At the age of twenty one he was arrested for possession of marijuana. At the age of 21 at a family dinner he started showing signs of schizophrenia which was aggravated by drug abuse. At the age of twenty two Herbert Mullin began treatment as a resident of the community drug abuse prevention center in Santa Cruz. Later that year Herbert Mullin was committed to the psychiatric ward of San Luis Obispo County General Hospital because with is mental disorder he was a danger to others, himself and gravely disabled. A month later he was diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic. He was not one that cared to take his medication. In the summer of 1970 he was diagnosed as a schizo-affective schizophrenia. In 1970 he began blaming his parents for his illness and in result took them out of his will. Herbert killed people believing that if he started to kill people it will lessen the chances of another hurricane happening in his area. He did this by only killing random Caucasians from the age of 4 to 72. He bought his materials to the crime scene such as a gun, knife, and baseball bat. He was a psychotic visionary. Mullin had no developmental problems according to Erikson. He went through all the stages where he experience love and finding out what personality he wants to embrace. This is the point and time when he realizes that he is a bisexual. The motivation behind it seems to be the fact that he was born the day that Albert Einstein died and the anniversary of San Francisco Earthquake. Freud would have said that he is anticathexis because he gives off the sense that his ego is blocking the socially unacceptable needs of id. Mullin for example when he found out that his target moved he went after him and killed him as planned. Afterwards he couldn’t resist the urge to go back and kill the messenger who could have been a witness in the killing incident that happened before her and her family. Bibliography * Watts, Vernetta. Californian Guilty in 10 Murder Cases. (1973, August 20). New York Times, P. 10. Mullin, Herbert. N. P. , n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. * Santa Cruz Serial Killer, Herbert Mullin, Denied Parole Central Coast News KION/KCBA. Santa Cruz Serial Killer, Herbert Mullin, Denied Parole Central Coast News KION/KCBA. 13 May 2013 * Freudian  Theory. About. com Psychology. N. P. , n. d. Web. 16 May 2013.

Overcomming Obstacles in Kaffir Boy by Mark Mathebane :: Kaffir Boy Mark Mathebane

Overcomming Obstacles in Kaffir Boy    In the book Kaffir Boy by Mark Mathebane there are many obstacles that Mark the   protagonist has to overcome. The first of his problems was to get through school in his poor South African ghetto. The second was to achieve his goal and receive a tennis scholarship to an American college.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mark’s father is one of the major antagonist, he was opposed anything to do with Mark getting an education in a school. He was a very traditional man and he didn’t like anything that had to do with the â€Å"white man†. He thought it was nonsense to get a whiteman’s education and he wouldn’t provide the money that was necessary to get Mark through school. Mark was helped through this situation by his Mother who was the person who wanted Mark so desperately to attend school. She decided to go against Mark’s Father and send Mark to school. She then had to get a job which was illegal for her to do so because she didn’t have the required pass from the South African government. With the little money that his mother made and some money that his grandmother gave him he was   able to pay for his schooling or at least some of it. He often was without the required materials like a school uniform and books. This then resulted in Mark being beaten at school. These beatings became so intense and often that Mark thought about dropping out of school. His Mother helped him decide that he should stay in school because she knew that an education was the only way out of their life of poverty. Through the support of Mark’s Mother and grandmother Mark found success in school. He almost always was ranked in the top of his class and received scholarships to continue on in school. At the end of Mark’s schooling he receives a job offering in South Africa for him to work as a   manger of the company, he decides to accept this job for the time being because his family needed the money to send his brothers and sisters to school. Mark end up successfully making it through school and ending up being one of the top in his class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second major conflict in the book was that Mark wanted to get a scholarship to an American college.

Children’s Functional Health Pattern Essay

Toddlers believe rules are absolute and behave out of fear of punishment. The toddler will respond with good behavior for positive feedback. These  values and beliefs are learned. Preschoolers frequently express their values by stating who or what they like or what they want to be when they grow up. Preschoolers receive modeling of values from involved adults, peers, as they develop their morality. School-Age children’s values come from religion, cultural, and parental values influences. These factors shape a child’s moral development, and concept of right and wrong. School-age children are able to make decisions related to moral and ethical issues. Parents may cater to their toddler when they are misbehaving, giving them more attention when they are bad than when they are good. This make the toddler believe that behaving badly gets their parents attention. Parents need to remember to reward good behavior, and to emphasize rewards for acceptable behavior and minimizing attention for unwanted behavior. Parents may not have firm and established rules, making it confusing for the toddler to distinguish right from wrong. Peers or inappropriate content on television can negatively influence preschooler’s values and beliefs. Parents may have a poor morals and value system themselves, inadvertently teaching their preschoolers the same behaviors. School-age children may bend to peer pressure to gain the acceptance of their peers. School-Age children may cheat due a desire to win, or pressure from their parents and peers to be great. Short Answer Questions Address the following based on the above assessment findings. Expected answers will be 1-2 paragraphs in length. Cite and reference outside sources used. 1) Compare and contrast identified similarities as well as differences in  expected assessment across the childhood age groups. Across the stages of development from toddler up to school age children there is a significant difference in the amount of guidance needed and the amount independence required. The differences are evident when examining how each developmental phase interacts and responds within each health assessment pattern. Toddler and preschool children need more structure and routine, whether it’s brushing their teeth or bedtime rituals. School-aged children, on the other hand, require more independence and trust in decisions while still being guided and reassured as the develop their own sense of identity. There are similarities as amongst the age groups as well, such as all of the children moving towards a state of autonomy and the ability to express themselves adequately and be heard by either their parents, their peers, or both. Additionally, all of the different age groups have the need for a structured and healthy home environment in order to grow and develop. 2) Summarize how a nurse would handle physical assessments, examinations, education, and communication differently with children versus adults. Consider spirituality and cultural differences in your answer. When the nurse is caring for a child, the nurse must remember that they are essentially caring for the child and the parent (Jarvis, 2012). For a nurse, the assessment, examination and interaction with a child patient offers its own set of challenges and requires a different approach from that of an adult. When dealing the toddler and preschooler, the nurse should visit with the parent first, letting the child size the nurse up. The nurse can assess child on how they interact and react to the parent and the nurse. This allows the child to see that the caregiver has accepted and trusts the nurse. For the toddler and the preschooler, the parent will be providing most, if not all of the health history. When beginning the physical assessment on the child, move slow and approach them slowly while seeming happy and unthreatening. The nurse should allow the child to hold instruments, like a stethoscope, during the physical exam to help them feel like they are involved in their own care. Having parents there add security and support for children, and also can help with the ease of assessing the  child without them realizing that they are being assessed. With children of each stage of development, the nurse must be cognizant of verbal and non-verbal cues provided by the child. The nurse should be mindful that there could be cultural and/or spiritual considerations to take into account, like when undressing a child of the opposite sex. The nurse needs to ensure that the caregiver and the child feel comfortable. With both children and adults, assessment should start with least invasive and progress leaving most invasive last. School-Age children should be assed like either children or adults depending on their developmental age. Adult assessment can be more direct than that of a child. Ask adults open ended questions, listen to their complaints, and educate as needed. References Current Nursing. (2012). Theory of Psychosocial Development: Erik H. Erikson. Retrieved From http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/theory_of_psychosocial_development.html Edelman, C., Kudzma, E., Mandle, C. (2010). Health Promotion throughout the Life Span [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/books /9780323056625 Jarvis, C. (2012). Physical Examination and Health Assessment [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/978-1-4377-0151-7

Learning Strategies Essay

Learning strategies determine the approach for achieving the learning objectives and are included in the pre-instructional activities, information presentation, learner activities, testing, and follow-through. The strategies are usually tied to the needs and interests of students to enhance learning and are based on many types of learning styles (Ekwensi, Moranski, &Townsend-Sweet, 2006). Due to the Learning Strategies are used to achieve the â€Å"learning objectives† that teachers want their learners to use when they are acquiring a second language, it is important to be conscious about the factor that influence the choice of learning strategies. What are those factors? There is a range of factors that affect strategy choice, including vocabulary learning strategies. According to Ellis (1994: 540 545) there are two broad categories of such factors: INDIVIDUAL LEARNER DIFFERENCES * AGE: Young children tend to use strategies in task specific manner, whereas older ones use generalized and more sophisticated strategies. * LEARNING STRATEGY: According to Oxford (1989), general approach to language learning determines the choice of L2 learning strategies. For example analytic learners prefer strategies such as contrastive analysis and discerning words and phrases, whereas global students use strategies to find meaning: guessing, scanning, predicting, etc. * PERSONALITY TYPE: Ehrman (1990) suggests that each personality type is associated with ‘assets’ and ‘liabilities’ where language learning is concerned. For example, extroverts are assigned to have willingness to take risks (an asset) but with dependency on external stimulation and interaction (a liability). Another finding mentioned by Erhman was that introverts showed greater use of strategies involving searching for and communicating meaning than did extroverts. * MOTIVATION: Some researches show that â€Å"highly motivated learners used more strategies relating to formal practice, functional practice, general study, and conversation/input elicitation than poorly motivated learners† (Ellis 1994:542). The particular reason for studying the language: motivational orientation, especially as related to career field was also important in the choice of strategies. SITUATIONAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS * GENDER: On the basis of Oxford and Nyikos (1989) and Erhman (1990) research, females reported greater overall strategy use than males in many studies. Although sometimes males surpassed females in the use of a particular strategy. * TYPE OF TASK: The specification of the task may help learners in using particular strategies, but cannot predetermine the actual strategies that will be used. * Learning setting: Students (Ellis 1994) have pointed out a number of differences in the usage of learning strategies in a classroom and in more natural setting. Studies of classroom strategies by Chamot (1988) showed that social and affective strategies were used infrequently by adults, excluding ‘questioning for clarification’. However, Wong-Filmore (1976;1979) reported frequent use of social strategies by young learners in a play situation. CONCLUSION Once we as teachers know the factors that influence in our student’s decisions to choose a specific Learning Strategy, it will be easier to guide them in the correct way to be autonomous, students whom can take charge of their own learning (Nation, 2001:222) and gain independence and self-direction. REFERENCES Ehrman, J. K. (1990). Clinical Exercise Physiology . Unided States of America. Ellis, R. (1994). The Study of Second Language Acquisition. New York: Oxford University Press. Oxford, R. L. (1989). Language Learning Motivation:pathways to the new century. Unided States of America: University of Hawai’i Press. Ekwensi, F. , Moranski, J. , & Townsend-Sweet, M. , (2006). E-Learning Concepts and Techniques. Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania’s Department of Instructional Technology. 5. 1 Instructional Strategies for Online Learning. Retrieved February 26th , 2010: http://iit. bloomu. edu/Spring2006_eBook_files/ebook_spring2006. pdf.

Defining the essays

Defining the essays Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness is considered among the best English works of literature. It is a story of a man named Marlow who journeys up the Congo River while working for a trading company. There Marlow encounters an English ivory trader that has hypnotized a group of natives to be under his control. The sequence of events that follows reveals Conrads views on the exploitation of the Congo. To best understand Conrads Heart of Darkness, we must closely look at the scene of Marlow taking Kurtz out of the wilderness and their interactions up until Kurtzs death. It is in this scene that Conrad describes the indecency of human existence that Marlow has come to see in the wilderness, and explains that the heart of darkness is not the corruption itself, but the ability to recognize the evil that lies within the heart. The scene begins with Marlow describing their departure from the rain forest, explaining that The brown current ran swiftly out of the heart of darkness, bearing us down toward the sea...and Kurtzs life was running swiftly, too, ebbing, ebbing, out of his heart into the sea of inexorable time (62). Just as Marlow and his men are being carried out of the heart of darkness of the wilderness, so is Kurtzs soul leaving his own darkness. The language suggests a the involuntariness of both situations, as the current is responsible for the boats action, and Kurtzs life is compared to a river, ebbing, ebbing into the sea. They are both, however, running swiftly, as is fleeing by the quickest means possible. This shows the power with which Kurtzs heart and the Congo are contaminated. The fact that Kurtzs death is the only way for Kurtz to depart from his heart suggests that Marlow is also dying by leaving the Congo. Marlows death is not literal, but only part of his soul is dying b ecause of...

Top Ranked California Business Schools

Top Ranked California Business Schools California is a large state with a lot of diverse cities. It is also home to hundreds of college and universities. Many of them are in the states large public school system, but there are even more private schools. In fact, some of the largest and most prestigious colleges and universities in the country are located in California. This means lots of choices for students who are seeking a higher education. In this article, were going to take a look at some of the options for students who are majoring in business. Although some of the schools on this list do have undergraduate programs, were going to focus on the best California business schools for graduate students who are seeking an MBA or a specialized masters degree. These schools have been included because of their faculty, curriculum, facilities, retention rates, and career placement rates.   Stanford Graduate Schools of Business Stanford Graduate School of Business is frequently ranked among the best business schools in the country, so it is no surprise that it is widely considered to be the best business school in California. It is part of Stanford University, a private research university. Stanford is located in Santa Clara County and adjacent to the city of Palo Alto, which is home to a number of different tech companies. Stanford Graduate School of Business was originally created as an alternative to business schools in the eastern portion of the United States. The school has grown to become one of the most highly respected institutions of education for business majors. Stanford is known for its cutting-edge research, distinguished faculty, and innovative curriculum. There are two main masters level programs for business majors at Stanford Graduate School of Business: a full-time, two-year MBA program and a full-time, one-year Master of Science program. The MBA program is a general management program that begins with a year of core courses and global experiences before allowing students to personalize their education with various electives in areas like accounting, finance, entrepreneurship, and political economics. Fellows in the Master of Science program, known as the Stanford Msx Program, take foundational courses first before being mixed in with MBA students for elective coursework. While enrolled in the program (and even afterward), students have access to career resources and a Career Management Center that will help them design a personalized career plan designed to develop skills in networking, interviewing, self-assessment and much more.    Haas School of Business Like Stanford Graduate Schools of Business, Haas School of Business has a long, distinguished history. It is the second oldest business school in the United States and is widely considered to be one of the best business schools in California (and the rest of the country). Haas School of Business is part of the University of California- Berkeley, a public research university founded in 1868. Haas is located in Berkeley, California, which is situated on the east side of San Francisco Bay. This Bay Area location offers unique opportunities for networking and internships. Students also benefit from the award-winning Haas School of Business campus, which boasts ultramodern facilities and spaces that are designed to encourage collaboration among students. Haas School of Business offers several different MBA programs to suit various needs, including a full-time MBA program, an evening and weekend MBA program, and an executive MBA program called the Berkeley MBA for Executives. These MBA programs take between 19 months and three years to complete. Business majors at the masters level can also earn a Master of Financial Engineering degree, which provides preparation for finance careers in investment banks, commercial banks, and other financial institutions. Career advisors are always on hand to help business students plan and launch their careers. There are also a number of companies that recruit talent from Haas, ensuring a high placement rate for business school graduates.   Ã‚  Ã‚   UCLA Anderson School of Management Like the other schools on this list, Anderson School of Management is considered a top-tier U.S. business school. It is highly ranked among other business schools by a wide range of publications. Anderson School of Management is part of the University of California- Los Angeles, a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles. As the creative capital of the world, Los Angeles offers a unique location for entrepreneurs and other creative business students. With people from more than 140 different countries, Los Angeles is also one of the most diverse cities in the world, which help Anderson be diverse as well. Anderson School of Management has many of the same offerings as Haas School of Business. There are multiple MBA programs to choose from, allowing students to individualize their management education and pursue the program that fits with their lifestyles. There is a traditional MBA program, a fully employed MBA (for working professionals), an executive MBA, and a global MBA for Asia Pacific program, which was created developed through a partnership between the UCLA Anderson School of Management and National University of Singapore Business School. Completion of the global MBA program results in two different MBA degrees, one awarded by UCLA and one by the National University of Singapore.  Students who are not interested in earning an MBA can pursue a Master of Financial Engineering degree, which is best suited for business majors who want to work in the finance sector.   Parker Career Management Center at Anderson School of Management  provides career services to students and graduates through every stage of the career search. Several organizations, including Bloomberg Businessweek and The Economist, have ranked the career services at Anderson School of Management as the best in the country (#2 in fact).

Predicting Formulas of Compounds with Polyatomic Ions

Predicting Formulas of Compounds with Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic ions are ions made up of more than one atomic element. This example problem demonstrates how to predict the molecular formulas of several compounds involving polyatomic ions. Polyatomic Ion Problem Predict the formulas of these compounds, which contain polyatomic ions:   barium hydroxideammonium phosphatepotassium sulfate Solution The formulas of compounds containing polyatomic ions are found in much the same way as formulas are found for monoatomic ions. Make sure you are familiar with the most common polyatomic ions. Here is a list of polyatomic ions to help you. Look at the locations of the elements on the Periodic Table. Atoms in the same column as each other (Group) tend to exhibit similar characteristics, including the number of electrons the elements would need to gain or lose to resemble the nearest noble gas atom. To determine common ionic compounds formed by elements, keep the following in mind: Group I ions (alkali metals) have 1 charges.Group 2 ions (alkaline earth metals) have 2 charges.Group 6 ions (nonmetals) have -2 charges.Group 7 ions (halides) have -1 charges.There is no simple way to predict the charges of the transition metals. Look on a table listing charges (valences) for possible values. For introductory and general chemistry courses, the 1, 2, and 3 charges are most often used. When you write the formula for an ionic compound, remember that the positive ion is always listed first. When there are two or more polyatomic ions in a formula, enclose the polyatomic ion in parentheses.Write down the information you have for the charges of the component ions and balance them to answer the problem.   Barium has a 2 charge and hydroxide has a -1 charge, therefore1 Ba2 ion is required to balance 2 OH- ionsAmmonium has a 1 charge and phosphate has a -3 charge, therefore3 NH4 ions are required to balance 1 PO43- ionPotassium has a 1 charge and sulfate has a -2 charge, therefore2 K ions are required to balance 1 SO42- ion Answer Ba(OH)2(NH4)3PO4K2SO4 The charges listed above for atoms within groups are the common charges, but you should be aware that the elements sometimes take on different charges. See the table of the valences of the elements for a list of the charges that the elements have been known to assume. For example, carbon commonly assumes either a 4 or -4 oxidation state, while copper usually has as 1 or 2 oxidation state.

Jesus the Jew and Christianity Origin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jesus the Jew and Christianity Origin - Essay Example According to the documentary film, Jesus is a Jew, historical person born during the Roman occupation in the town of Bethlehem, in the Nation of Israel. Jesus’ father, Joseph, was from the town of Bethlehem which was a royal town of King David.Joseph was from the lineage of King David, whose family had been promised a messiah. For Jesus to fulfill this promise, He had to be born a Jew. Jesus was, therefore, a direct descendant of King David who was a Jew. Jesus would later be circumcised and baptized according to Jewish traditions. He also believed in the Mosaic Law and preached in Galilee which was entirely Jewish. Apostles would later spread the gospel from Jerusalem to Africa, to South America and from Syria to Britain. Paul was very instrumental in the spread of the Gospel especially throughout the Roman Empire and Europe and wrote 14 letters of the New Testament. The focus now changed from Jerusalem to other areas and for the first time, the followers of Jesus Christ were called Christians in Antioch.

Comparation of the use of fantasy in Tom's Midnight Garden and The Essay

Comparation of the use of fantasy in Tom's Midnight Garden and The Secret Garden - Essay Example Comparation of the use of fantasy in Tom's Midnight Garden and The Secret Garden This not only has to do with the fact that different authors are responsible for these respective works; it also has to do with the differential in time between when these books were penned and the growth and development of the genre in which they fall.1 Whereas an absolute and/or concrete definition of fantasy is somewhat impossible to define with regards to children’s literature, many commonalities are expressed by the genre and help to define it. These are as follows: the utilization of many form and narrative techniques, the heightened use of symbolism, and the focus upon the language to create mystique, setting, and sense of time that other functions or genres might otherwise struggle with. Fantasy within children’s literature, although a similar issue, is in fact somewhat different and more nuanced; due in part to the fact that it can be separated into two distinct time periods – the first and second golden age. The first golden age necessarily refers to th e period of the late 19th and early 20th century; whereas the second golden period refers to the period of time starting in the mid 20th century and extending nearly until the close of the 20th century. Naturally, for the novels in question, The Secret Garden falls into the first golden age; whereas Tom’s Midnight Garden falls into the second.... 99. From a cursory analysis, the inclusion of the word â€Å"secret† in The Secret Garden or â€Å"midnight† in Tom’s Midnight Garden present something of an expectation for the implementation of fantasy as a means of bringing about a particular understanding.2 Once again, a non—nuanced approach is presented partly due to the fact that children’s literature is the focus and intended audience for which these respective novels are intended.3 Whereas this might be considered a cheap literary trick in some circles, the use of such terminology within the titles creates an expectation for fantasy and intrigue to define the subsequent pages and chapters of the novels in question. However, even though such an expectation exists, as the reader might expect, a clear level of differentiation exists between the level and use of fantasy that is leveraged and these two novels which are written nearly 50 years apart.4 With regards to The Secret Garden, a sense of fantasy is immediately conveyed to the reader due to the fact that a fantastical representation of an exotic life is presented to the reader. The protagonist, Mary Lennox, is defined as a girl who grew up in the lap of luxury and far off India.5 The description and definition of the luxuries and carefree lifestyle that she lived while there helps the reader to understand the sense of warning and mystique to which she greets the gray and uninviting steps of northern England. However, of all of the literary approaches that are utilized as a means of affecting a sense of fantasy within The Secret Garden, perhaps the most poignant and powerful is with regards to the religious imagery that is presented. Rather than merely attempting to evoke a sense of fantasy based

National Security Affairs of Iraq Research Paper

National Security Affairs of Iraq - Research Paper Example This conflict has greatly divided the national purpose of Iraq. The Iraq’s National Security Affairs can be termed as having a complex framework characterized by burdensome issues associated with untangling and security issues connected to terrorist groups. The country has also been linked to most of the criminal events in the Middle East. Despite the above situation, the Iraq’s political scene is trying its level best to keep afloat through associating with other nations such as the United States. Its internal security is under complete control by its army following the withdrawal of American troops. The government has however admitted that it has along way to go in terms of attaining a stable national security especially in relation to technical issues in its intelligence apparatus. The Iraq’s army is not yet qualified to maintain peace and order in the country as it is still unsuited for such duties. In relation to the international community especially other Arab Spring countries, its foreign policy has not yet been fully established and this has led to fluid situations in such Arab countries preventing Iraq from attaining a stable approach with regards to its foreign policy. Cases like those witnessed in Syria have resulted to a sectarian dimension that has resulted to an acute effect on Iraq following its diverse sectarian composition. Despite the American withdrawal from Iraq, the two countries have maintained a close tie especially when it comes to Iraq’s National Security with America in full support of her security affairs. IDEOLOGY The Ideology of Iraq stems from the radical Islamists who are pursuing a vision that they believed to be universalists with regards to Sharia Law. They came out strongly seeking the interpretation of this law with regards to the war. According to the Sharia Law, the people’s voice had no position in any political system that obey the rules made by God (Ali 2009). This conflicting position left the mood of the public to be variable yet the law was external. The war against liberalism believed to be waged by the al-Qaeda as well as its affiliates represents a political manifestation of the mindset that resisted Westernization and globalization. The al-Qaeda had a number of complains with regards to American culture and the impact it had on the Iraq people. The American culture was looked at as to be resulting in immorality, hypocrisy and polytheism among the Iraq people Iraq had been closely associated with the Activities of Osama Bin Laden and that led to most of the international countries to declare war on Iraq with the USA being on the fore front. The United States under President Bush was against the democracy principles employed in the country at that time as well as all the leaders who were out to enact it. The International community was agitating for democratic elections to be held which would ensure that the existing government as well as the popular soverei gnty was eliminated now that the two had led to deviation and infidelity to the true desirable path (Ali 2009). Consequently the international community was ready to fight any person or force that was after malicious ideology and referred to such forces as infidels.

Indian Gaming Act 1988 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Indian Gaming Act 1988 - Essay Example The previous policies had left them in a state of abject poverty and social disintegration in spit of the outpouring of federal funds for massive welfare and social service costs. However, in order to make the policy of self determination work Indian tribes had to find new enterprises to replace the old economies of hunting and fishing no longer viable in the restrictive reservation environment. For some tribes, one path to develop a new sustainable reservation economy was gaming. The Indian Gaming Act 1988 was designed to provide parameters for tribes wishing to develop this industry with some degree of tribal control. Some tribes did not want to pursue this avenue as it was against their cultural values. Other tribes were interested but were not allowed to pursue this activity in states which forbade it for all their citizens. (Gunn eNotes.) The IGRA represents a compromise between competing interests and powers of Indian tribes, states and the federal government. Prior to this, tr ibes had the right to engage in all forms of gaming irrespective of state laws. Many states had concerns about possible infiltration by organized crime. While Congress in 1988 did give some gaming rights to federally recognized tribes, it sought to allay state fears by insisting that profits from gaming activities be used to fund tribal government operations such as hospitals, schools, police and fire departments, make donations to charities and help fund neighboring cities. The IGRA divides Indian gaming into 3 classes. Class one includes Indian gaming in connection with tribal ceremonies and is participated in socially for prizes of minimal value. This class is left to the exclusive jurisdiction of Indian tribes. Class 2 includes bingo and non banking card games where players bet against each other rather than the house. This is permitted in states allowing this type of gaming and the governing body of the tribe adopts a resolution approved by the chairman of the 3 member National Indian Gaming Commission created by the LGRA to monitor classes 2 and 3 gaming activities of tribes throughout the country. Under the Act tribes are primarily responsible for regulating class 2 gaming activities subject to Commission oversight. Class 3 includes all other forms of gambling especially casino style. This class is subject to 3 conditions; (1) it must be in a state that authorizes this form of gambling, (2) the tribe must negotiate a compact with the state concerning the nature and extent class 3 gaming the tribe may conduct and its’ regulation, approved by the secretary of the interior and (3) the tribe must have a tribal gaming ordinance approved by the chairman of the NIGC. The Seminole Experience The Seminoles of Florida correctly decided that the gaming industry was their path to developing a profitable tribal economy. They started off in 1979 with high stakes bingo and were able to circumvent Florida state laws against gambling ( Ewen 1996) The Seminoles th en tried to expand their operations to casinos, prompting states including Florida to petition Congress to enact the IGRA. The tribe then tried to negotiate a compact with Florida allowing them to operate and regulate casinos but the state refused to cooperate. Alleging bad faith, the Seminoles then attempted to sue the state in federal court as provided for in the IGRA, but this was disallowed by the Supreme Court on the basis that Congress had no authority to subject a state to the jurisdiction of a federal court . Some Seminoles consider this loss as a victory, arguing that it means that technically they only need NGIC approval to operate casinos. However, the

Individual Work on Study Techniques - learning styles Assignment

Individual Work on Study Techniques - learning styles - Assignment Example I am aware that each learner has a different learning style that depends on his or her earlier years of socialisation. I am a Chinese family whereby close social relationships are valued, respect for senior is critical, and thus my preferred learning style is listening. The course has introduced me to critical thinking skills and problem-solving skills that are associated with subjects such as mathematics and thus I will be capable of handling difficult situations in my workplace (Reid 2005, p 71). The crucial aspects of my personal life are the ability to remain calm and concentrate on my studies in order to meet my learning goals (Haggar 2011, p 19). I am self-driven and capable of setting realistic and attainable goals that will enable me attain personal fulfillment and gain more opportunities in my career life. The academic studies have enabled me gain self-awareness and evaluate my strengths and weaknesses during learning in order to select the best learning styles that will enable me meet my goals (Allen, Scheve and Nieter 2010 p 123). I have active listening skills and excellent communication skills that enable me absorb critical information during lecturers and interact with peers during group discussions. I am capable of managing my time wisely and allocate enough time towards my study and personal activities. I can prioritise my tasks and prepare work schedules thus ensuring timely accomplishment of all assignments (Dunn and Griggs 1995, p 63). My ability to build rapport and good interpersonal skills have enabled me attain cooperative learning skills that are essential in team learning activities. In this case, I am able to participate effectively in problem-solving sessions with my peers and solve complex case problems that require use of critical analysis and different perspectives (Streeter 2005, p 106). I am inspired my future dreams of becoming of transforming my society and

Indian Gaming Act 1988 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Indian Gaming Act 1988 - Essay Example The previous policies had left them in a state of abject poverty and social disintegration in spit of the outpouring of federal funds for massive welfare and social service costs. However, in order to make the policy of self determination work Indian tribes had to find new enterprises to replace the old economies of hunting and fishing no longer viable in the restrictive reservation environment. For some tribes, one path to develop a new sustainable reservation economy was gaming. The Indian Gaming Act 1988 was designed to provide parameters for tribes wishing to develop this industry with some degree of tribal control. Some tribes did not want to pursue this avenue as it was against their cultural values. Other tribes were interested but were not allowed to pursue this activity in states which forbade it for all their citizens. (Gunn eNotes.) The IGRA represents a compromise between competing interests and powers of Indian tribes, states and the federal government. Prior to this, tr ibes had the right to engage in all forms of gaming irrespective of state laws. Many states had concerns about possible infiltration by organized crime. While Congress in 1988 did give some gaming rights to federally recognized tribes, it sought to allay state fears by insisting that profits from gaming activities be used to fund tribal government operations such as hospitals, schools, police and fire departments, make donations to charities and help fund neighboring cities. The IGRA divides Indian gaming into 3 classes. Class one includes Indian gaming in connection with tribal ceremonies and is participated in socially for prizes of minimal value. This class is left to the exclusive jurisdiction of Indian tribes. Class 2 includes bingo and non banking card games where players bet against each other rather than the house. This is permitted in states allowing this type of gaming and the governing body of the tribe adopts a resolution approved by the chairman of the 3 member National Indian Gaming Commission created by the LGRA to monitor classes 2 and 3 gaming activities of tribes throughout the country. Under the Act tribes are primarily responsible for regulating class 2 gaming activities subject to Commission oversight. Class 3 includes all other forms of gambling especially casino style. This class is subject to 3 conditions; (1) it must be in a state that authorizes this form of gambling, (2) the tribe must negotiate a compact with the state concerning the nature and extent class 3 gaming the tribe may conduct and its’ regulation, approved by the secretary of the interior and (3) the tribe must have a tribal gaming ordinance approved by the chairman of the NIGC. The Seminole Experience The Seminoles of Florida correctly decided that the gaming industry was their path to developing a profitable tribal economy. They started off in 1979 with high stakes bingo and were able to circumvent Florida state laws against gambling ( Ewen 1996) The Seminoles th en tried to expand their operations to casinos, prompting states including Florida to petition Congress to enact the IGRA. The tribe then tried to negotiate a compact with Florida allowing them to operate and regulate casinos but the state refused to cooperate. Alleging bad faith, the Seminoles then attempted to sue the state in federal court as provided for in the IGRA, but this was disallowed by the Supreme Court on the basis that Congress had no authority to subject a state to the jurisdiction of a federal court . Some Seminoles consider this loss as a victory, arguing that it means that technically they only need NGIC approval to operate casinos. However, the

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Law - Essay Example â€Å"When at the desire of the promisor, the promise or any other person has done or abstained from doing, or does or abstains from doing, or promises to do or abstain from doing something, such an act or abstinence or promise is called a consideration for the promise.† â€Å"A contract is an agreement enforceable at law made between two or more persons by which rights are acquired by one or more to acts or forbearance on the part of the other or others.† (Quoted in ReportBD.com) Since both the plaintiff and defendant maintained social relationship, the agreement between them was a bit social in nature, as there was no intention of either of the parties to enter into any legal remedies against non-compliance of either of the parties to the contract. There are two types of agreements i.e. Social agreements are the agreements which are just promises between two or more persons or parties, but do not enjoy the status of contract. For example one person invites another at his office to have dinner with him, but if he fails to host the promised dinner, no legal remedy can be demanded, as it is social agreement in nature. Such promises do not bind the parties, to fulfil the promise, thus no legal rights between the parties are created, as in the case of Balfour and Balfour (1919) 2 KB 571: â€Å"When a husband failed to pay a promised allowance, the wife sued. The court announced the judgement in these words: "There are agreements between parties which do not result in contracts within the meaning of that term in our law. The ordinary example is where two parties agree to take a walk together (or) arrangements which are made between husband and wife. They are not contracts because the parties did not intend that they should be attended by legal consequences. Each house is a domain into which the Kings writ does not seek to run.† (Quoted in Duhaimes Canadian Contract Law Centre) On the other hand,

Development of an Equation Essay Example for Free

Development of an Equation Essay Purpose: Investigate a chemical reaction using lab procedures and observations. Then, find a pattern of reactivity and explain the findings using a chemical equation and particle diagram. Procedure: Refer to: Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University. Development of an Equation. General Chemistry 1210 Laboratory Manual. Vol. 2013-2014. Plymouth: Hayden-McNeil. 32-35. Data/Results: Part A: In the potassium iodide solution, I think there were potassium atoms as well as iodine atoms. In the lead nitrate solution, I think there were lead and nitrate ions. The potassium atoms and the lead atoms can be classified as cations, since they are metals. The iodine atoms and the nitrate ion can be classified as anions since they are nonmetals. Upon mixing, the solution turned into a cloudy yellow color. Evidence that a chemical reaction occurred was that the two solutions created a new color because the two solutions were originally colorless. There was no gas formed. Part B: (Testing the Anions) Iodide reaction with hydrogen peroxide observations- The precipitate at the bottom turned into a red solid and the liquid solution was a dirty yellow color. Nitrate reaction with hydrogen peroxide observations- A colorless precipitate formed at the bottom and looked like a bubble. It was a relatively large bubble. The liquid solution was colorless and cloudy/fizzy. Since the reaction resulted in some fizzing and bubbles, this is indication that a gas was formed. (Testing the Cations) Potassium reaction with thioacetamide observations – No reaction occurred. Lead reaction with thioacetamide observations A violet-black precipitate formed at the bottom of the test tube and the liquid solution was a cloudy grey color. It was about the same size precipitate as the nitrate reaction with hydrogen peroxide. Strong smell from the thioacetamide. Part C: Identification of ions in the precipitate that forms when lead nitrate solution is added to potassium iodide solution. (Testing for Anions) Reaction with hydrogen peroxide observations- A dark red precipitate formed at the bottom of the test tube and the liquid solution was colorless. There was not a large amount of precipitate formed and it sort of smeared along the inside of the test tube. Inferences: What anions are in the precipitate? -iodine (I-) When compared with results from part B to test anions, similar results were found. A dark red precipitate was formed in both. (Testing for cations) Reaction with hydrogen sulfide observations- A small, violet-black precipitate formed at the bottom of the test tube and the liquid solution was grey and cloudy. Inferences: What cations are in the precipitate? – lead (Pb2+) When compared with results from part B to test cations, similar results were found, A violet-black precipitate was formed in both tests. Exchange reaction- Positive potassium started off with negative iodine, and positive lead started off with negative nitrate. Potassium switched to combine with nitrate and lead switched to combine with iodine. Part D: Testing of Precipitate| Observations on Initial Precipitate Formed (relative amount, etc.)| Lead Nitrate: Potassium Iodide Ratio| Tube 1| Powdery, yellow precipitate formed at the bottom. Not very much precipitate. Little to no streaking. Clear liquid solution above precipitate. | 3:1| Tube 2| Powdery, yellow precipitate formed at the bottom. Equal to tube 1. Little to no streaking. Clear liquid solution above precipitate.| 2:1| Tube 3| Powdery, yellow precipitate formed at the bottom. A little more precipitate than tube 1 and 2. Little to no streaking. Clear liquid solution above precipitate.| 1:1| Tube 4| Powdery, yellow precipitate formed at the bottom. Much more than tube 3. Noticeable streaking of precipitate along sides of test tube. Clear liquid solution above precipitate.| 1:2| Tube 5| Powdery, yellow precipitate formed at the bottom. Most precipitate formed out of all test tubes. A lot of streaking of the precipitate along sides of the test tube. Clear liquid solution above precipitate. | 1:3| Testing of Supernatant| Observations| Inferences: Which ions were in the supernatant? List cations and anions.| Tube 1| The solution was clear with lead nitrate, but turned a yellow cloudy color with the potassium iodide. | Pb2+ (lead)-cationsNO3- (nitrate)-anions| Tube 2| The solution was clear with lead nitrate, but turned a yellow cloudy color with the potassium iodide.| Pb2+ (lead)-cationsNO3- (nitrate)-anions| Tube 3| The solution was clear with lead nitrate, but turned a yellow cloudy color with the potassium iodide.| Pb2+ (lead)-cationsNO3- (nitrate)-anions| Tube 4| The solution was clear with both the lead nitrate and the potassium iodide.| Pb2+ (lead)-cationsNO3- (nitrate)-anions| Tube 5| The solution was a little yellow with the lead nitrate, and a little less yellow with the potassium iodide.| K+ (potassium)I- (iodine)| Discussion/Conclusion: In part A, the first step was to obtain 5 drops of potassium iodine and 5 drops of lead nitrate and put them into a test tube and record observations. Then, to test the anions in part B, 5 drops of potassium iodine, 5 drops of nitric, 10 drops of dichloroethane, and 5 drops hydrogen peroxide to a new test tube. Then to a separate test tube, 5 drops of potassium nitrate, 5 drops of nitric acid, 10 drops of dichloroethane, and 5 hydrogen peroxide to a new test tube. Both should be stoppered and shook to produce two distinct layers. To test the cations, 2 test tubes would each get 20 drops of thioacetamide and 2 drops of nitric acid. One would get 5 drops of lead nitrate and the other 5 drops of potassium nitrite. Both test tubes were heated for 5 minutes and observations were recorded. In part C, the sample was used from part A and the test tube was centrifuged, then the clear aqueous layer was removed and discarded and the precipitate was washed with distilled w ater. This process was repeated once more. To test the anions, 5 drops of nitric acid, 10 drops of dichloroethane, and 5 drops of hydrogen peroxide were added to the solid precipitate and the test tube was stoppered and shook. These results were compared to the results from part B. To test for cations, the less colored aqueous layer was transferred to a clean test tube and the leftover layer was discarded. The solution was heated in a water bath until clear. 20 drops of thioacetamide were added, stirred then heated in a water bath and compared to the results from part B. In part D, to determine the ratio of  ions in the precipitate, 5 test tubes were labelled 1-5 and were filled according to table 3.1 on page 34 of the lab manual. The same medicine dropper was used for all drops and the test tubes were stoppered and shook, then centrifuged. The relative amounts and appearance of each precipitate were recorded. To test for potassium of iodide ions in the supernatant, 5 drops of lead nitrate were added to 5 separate test tubes with along with 5 drops from the appropriate test tube solution. The same was done to test for lead or nitrate ions, but potassium iodide was added instead. The perfect ratio for thi s lab was 2 potassium iodides for every lead nitrate. This ratio was found from balancing the equation and from comparing the results from part C to part B to match the observations of the precipitates. The ratio is the molar mass ratio of the balanced equation. The balanced equation was: 2KI(aq)+Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2KNO3(aq)+PbI2(s) and the formula of the precipitate was PbI2(s) based on the observations. In part B, the test for anions resulted in a dark red precipitate which was the iodide solution with hydrogen peroxide. In part C, the same results were found when lead nitrate and potassium iodide were added to hydrogen peroxide, therefore; the anions found were iodide ions because it has a negative 1 charge. In part B to test cations, the precipitate was a violet-black color for the lead solution reaction with thioacetamide. In part C, the same results were found when lead nitrate and potassium iodide were added to hydrogen sulfide. The cations found were lead ions since they have a positive 2 charge. Some inherent errors could have been while extracting the clear aqueous solution, some of the precipitate could have been extracted with the solution and transferred into another test tube. Upon heating, not all of the precipitate dissolved. Some of the drops with the micropipet varied also. The medicine dropper was more precise with the drops. Through this lab, a chemical reaction was used to find the pattern of reactivity which was an exchange reaction. This is known by finding the chemical equation and properly balancing it which is seen above. This lead to the ability to create a particle diagram and the findings of a perfect ratio of lead nitrate to potassium iodide.

Waterfall Model Lifecycle Model Information Technology Essay

Waterfall Model Lifecycle Model Information Technology Essay Waterfall approach was first Process Model to be introduced and followed widely in Software Engineering to ensure success of the project. In The Waterfall approach, the whole process of software development is divided into separate process phases. The phases in Waterfall model are: Requirement Specifications phase, Software Design, Implementation and Testing Maintenance. All these phases are cascaded to each other so that second phase is started as and when define set of goals are achieved for first phase and it is signed off, so the name Waterfall Model. All the method and process undertaken in Waterfall Model are more visible. Waterfall Model lifecycle modelE:PROGECTpicture]water fall model.JPG Figure 1. : Waterfall Model lifecycle model The stages of The Waterfall Model are Problem definition In this section, you give a short, general description of the system To be analyzed. This should contain a very short description of the Organization or the company for which the analysis is to be done as Well the reasons and advantages why the computerization is needed. The environment of the analysis being done is to come out clearly in This section Requirement Analysis All possible requirements of the system to be developed are captured in this phase. Requirements are set of functionalities and constraints that the end-user (who will be using the system) expects from the system. The requirements are gathered from the end-user by consultation, these requirements are analyzed for their validity and the possibility of incorporating the requirements in the system to be development is also studied. Finally, a Requirement Specification document is created which serves the purpose of guideline for the next phase of the model. System Design Before a starting for actual coding, it is highly important to understand what we are going to create and what it should look like? The requirement specifications from first phase are studied in this phase and system design is prepared. System Design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements and also helps in defining overall system architecture. The system design specifications serve as input for the next phase of the model. Testing As specified above, the system is first divided in units which are developed and tested for their functionalities. These units are integrated into a complete system during Integration phase and tested to check if all modules/units coordinate between each other and the system as a whole behaves as per the specifications. After successfully testing the software, it is delivered to the customer Implementation On receiving system design documents, the work is divided in modules/units and actual coding is started. The system is first developed in small programs called units, which are integrated in the next phase. Each unit is developed and tested for its functionality; this is referred to as Unit Testing. Unit testing mainly verifies if the modules/units meet their specifications. Maintenance This phase of The Waterfall Model is practically never ending phase (Very long). Generally, problems with the system developed (which are not found during the development life cycle) come up after its practical use starts, so the issues related to the system are solved after deployment of the system. Not all the problems come in picture directly but they arise time to time and needs to be solve hence this process is referred as Maintenance. Advantages of the waterfall model The advantage of waterfall development is that it allows for departmentalization and managerial control. A schedule can be set with deadlines for each stage of development and a product can proceed through the development process like a car in a carwash, and theoretically, be delivered on time. Development moves from concept, through design, implementation, testing, installation, troubleshooting, and ends up at operation and maintenance. Each phase of development proceeds in strict order, without any overlapping or iterative steps. Needless to mention, it is a linear model and of lessons, linear models are the most simple to be implemented. The amount of resources required to implement this model is very minimal. One great advantage of the waterfall model is that documentation is produced at every step of the waterfall model development. This makes the understanding of the product designing procedure simpler. After every major stage of software coding, testing is done to test the correct running of the code. Prototyping Throw-away prototyping Throwaway or Rapid Prototyping refers to the creation of a model that will eventually be discarded rather than becoming part of the finally delivered software. After preliminary requirements gathering is accomplished, a simple working model of the system is constructed to visually show the users what their requirements may look like when they are implemented into a finished system. C:Documents and SettingsNIFRASDesktop1.JPG Figure 1.1: throw away proto typing Incremental Prototyping The final product is built as separate prototypes. At the end the separate prototypes are being merged in an overall design. C:Documents and SettingsNIFRASDesktop3.JPG Figure 1.2: Incremental Prototyping Evolutionary Prototyping Evolutionary Prototyping (also known as breadboard prototyping) is quite different from Throwaway Prototyping. The main goal when using Evolutionary Prototyping is to build a very robust prototype in a structured manner and constantly refine it. The reason for this is that the Evolutionary prototype, when built, forms the heart of the new system, and the improvements and further requirements will be builtC:Documents and SettingsNIFRASDesktop2.JPG Figure 1.3: Evolutionary Prototyping Advantages of prototyping Proto types make an ideal tool for defending discussing user interaction User can understand a prototype far easier than most of the standard base of communicating requirements in the form of the model Prototypes very quickly resolve misunderstanding between biasness manager analysis Disadvantages of proto typing Leads to implementing and then repairing way of building systems. Practically, this methodology may increase the complexity of the system as scope of the system may expand beyond original plans. The Spiral Model The spiral model, also known as the spiral lifecycle model, is a systems development method (SDM) used in information technology (IT). This model of development combines the features of the prototyping model and the waterfall model. The spiral model is intended for large, expensive, and complicated projects. The steps in the spiral model can be general as follows The new system requirements are define in as much detail as possible. This generally involves interviewing a number of users representing all the outside or internal users and other aspects of the existing method. A preliminary design is created for the new system. A first prototype of the new system is constructed from the preliminary design. This is usually a scaled-down system, and represents an approximation of the characteristics of the final product. A second prototype is evolved by a fourfold procedure: evaluating the first prototype in terms of its strengths, weaknesses, and risks; defining the requirements of the second prototype planning and designing the second prototype constructing and testing the second prototype. At the customers option, the entire plan can be aborted if the risk is deemed too great. Risk factors might involve development cost overruns, operating-cost miscalculation, or any other factor that could, in the customers judgment, result in a less-than-satisfactory final product. The existing prototype is evaluated in the same manner as was the previous prototype, and, if necessary, another prototype is developed from it according to the fourfold procedure outlined above. The preceding steps are iterated until the consumer is satisfy that the developed Prototype represents the finishing product desired. The final system is constructed, based on the refined prototype. Advantages of spiral model The spiral model is a realistic approach to the development of large-scale software products because the software evolves as the process progresses. In addition, the developer and the client better understand and react to risks at each evolutionary level. The model uses prototyping as a risk reduction mechanism and allows for the development of prototypes at any stage of the evolutionary development. It maintains a systematic stepwise approach, like the classic life cycle model, but incorporates it into an iterative framework that more reflect the real world. Disadvantages of spiral model      1. Highly customized limiting re-usability      2. Applied differently for each application      3. Risk of not meeting budget or schedule      4. Risk of not meeting budget or schedule C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorDesktopspiral model.png Figure 1.4: spiral model Rapid Application Development (RAD) Methodology what is RAD? RAD (rapid application development) is a concept that products can be developed faster and of higher quality through: Gathering requirements using workshops or focus groups Prototyping and early, reiterative user testing of designs The re-use of software components A rigidly paced schedule that defers design improvements to the next product version Less formality in reviews and other team communication Advantages of RAD Early visibility Greater flexibility Standardized look and feel Increased user involvement Buying may save money compared to building Disadvantages of RAD This method may not be useful for large, unique or highly complex projects This method cannot be a success if the team is not sufficiently motivated and nor is unable to work cohesively together. Success depends on the extremely high technical skills of the developers. C:Documents and SettingsNIFRASDesktopproto type.jpg Figure 1.4: RAD model Dynamic System Development Method Dynamic System Development Method is another approach to system development, which, as the name suggests, develops the system dynamically. This methodology is independent of tools, in that it can be used with both structured analysis and design approach or object-oriented approach. Advantages of DSD An importance on testing is so strong that at least one tester is expected to be on each project group Sets stakeholder expectations from the starts of the project that not all requirements will make it into the final deliverable Has specific approach to determining how important each requirements is to iteration Disadvantages of DSD Access to material is controlled by a consortium, and fees may be charged just to access the reference material Probably the most heavy weight project compared in this surveyC:Documents and SettingsAdministratorDesktopdynamic-system-development-method.jpg figure1.2.1: DSD method During the below given reasons I have chosen Waterfall Model for this project It is a linear sequential model It is very simple model to implement Easy to use It is the first model. It needs very few resources to implement Suitable for small projects Water fall model: This is very simple model. It moves like water fall from top to down of SDLC. The drawback of this model is ineffectiveness of verification and Validation activities. TASK 02 The water fall modelE:PROGECTpicture]water fall model.JPG The water fall stages Problem definition Requirement analysis System design Coding testing Implementation Maintenance 1. Problem definition In this section, you give a short, general description of the system to be analyzed. This should contain a very short description of the Organization or the company for which the analysis is to be done as Well the reasons and advantages why the computerization is needed. The environment of the analysis being done is to come out clearly in this section 2. Requirement Analysis All possible requirements of the system to be developed are captured in this phase. Requirements are set of functionalities and constraints that the end-user (who will be using the system) expects from the system. The requirements are gathered from the end-user by consultation, these requirements are analyzed for their validity and the possibility of incorporating the requirements in the system to be development is also studied. Finally, a Requirement Specification document is created which serves the purpose of guideline for the next phase of the model. 3. System Design Before a starting for actual coding, it is highly important to understand what we are going to create and what it should look like? The requirements specifications first phase are studied in this phase and system design is prepared. From System Design helps in specifying hardware and method requirements and also helps in defining overall system architecture. The system design specifications serve up as input for the next phase of the model. 4. Coding Testing As specified above, the system is first divided in units which are developed and tested for their functionalities. These units are integrated into a complete system during Integration phase and tested to check if all modules/units coordinate between each other and the system as a whole behaves as per the specifications. After successfully testing the software, it is delivered to the customer 5. Implementation On receiving system design documents, the work is divided in modules/units and actual coding is started. The system is first developed in small programs called units, which are integrated in the next phase. Each unit is developed and tested for its functionality; this is referred to as Unit Testing. Unit testing mainly verifies if the modules/units meet their specifications. 6. Maintenance This phase of (The Waterfall Model) is in effect never finish phase (Very long). Commonly, difficulty with the system developed (which are not found during the development life cycle) come awake later than its practical use start, so the issues related to the system are solved after deployment of the system. Not all the problems come in images directly but they arise time to time and needs to be solve hence this process is referred as Maintenance. 7. Specification Specification is the first step in the process. In this stage, companies find a problem they want to join and think of a viable result. They then write down the solution on paper and move on to the next stage in the waterfall standardization Testing includes verification and validation 1. Verification: Are we building the product right. 2. Validation: Are we building the right product 1. Validation Am I building the right product? Determining if the method complies with the requirements. And perform functions for which it is intended and meets and is performed at the finish of the project. Am I accessing the right data (in terms of the Data? Required to satisfy the requirement) High level activity Performs after a work product is produced against Established criteria ensuring that the product integrates correctly into the environment. Determination of correctness of the final software Product by a development project with respect to the user Needs and requirements. 2. Verification Am I building the product right? The review of interim work steps and interim Deliverables during a project to ensure them are Acceptable. To determine if the system is consistent, Adheres to standards, uses reliable techniques and prudent Practices, and performs the selected functions in the correct manner. Am I accessing the data right (in the right place; in? The right way) Low level activity Performed during development on key artifacts, like Walkthroughs, reviews and inspections, mentor feedback, Training, checklists and standards. My Opinion about This Task with Victoria Hospital The Victoria Hopital has some problems. The 1st problem is the victoria Hospital at presnt does not use Computer and not asystem to save data and details Appointment details, patient detail and payment detail. 2nd problem is cant V.H take a details in time of important.That problam is some time May be loss detail in physical fils so the V.H is face these problems becaus we can analysis requirements to the V.H those are need to V.H a good system to save details datas secent is the method should preparednes easy good to hendal to the operaters. 3rd problem is the implementations should have to a good system. 4th is give a good knowledge to operates.these implementations are want to V.H those are A Server Machine 5clients, 1GB Ram, or 512MB ,Laser Printer Dot matrix printer Bar code reader and the knowledge given by system supporters to Operater. Want to Operaters condect with system supporters and the system supporters must mainten the problems of system in time ofcoming problems. TASK 03 Data flow diagram Data flow diagrams can be use to provide an understandable representation of any business function. The system starts with an overall image of the business and continues by analyzing each of the functional areas of interest. This analysis can be carried out to precisely the level of detail required. The technique exploits a system called top-down expansion to conduct the analysis in a targeted way. C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorDesktopdfdg.JPG Figure 1.2.2: data flow diagram Process Processes show a transformation or manipulation of data flows within the system. The symbol used is a rectangular box which contains 3 descriptive elements: Firstly an identification number appears in the upper left hand corner. This is allocated arbitrarily at the top level and serves as a unique reference. Secondly, a location appears to the right of the identifier and describes where in the system the process takes place. This may, for example, be a department or a piece of hardware. Finally, a descriptive title is placed in the centre of the box. This should be a simple imperative sentence with a specific verb, for example maintain customer records or find driver. Data flow A data flow shows the flow of information from its source to its destination. A data flow is represented by a line, with arrowheads showing the direction of flow. Information always flows to or from a process and may be written, verbal or electronic. Each data flow may be referenced by the processes or data stores at its head and tail, or by a description of its contents. External entity An external entity is a source or destination of a data flow which is outside the area of study. Only those entities which originate or receive data are represented on a business process diagram. The symbol used is an oval containing a meaningful and unique identifier. Data storage A data store is a holding place for information within the system: It is represented by an open ended narrow rectangle. Data stores may be long-term files such as sales ledgers, or may be short-term accumulations: for example batches of documents that are waiting to be processed. Each data store should be given a reference followed by an arbitrary number. DFD context level diagram (0 level diagram) E:my project level df (1).jpg Figure 2.2.1: DFD context level diagram DFD 1st level E:PROGECTdrawing diagram dfdDrawing2.jpg Figure 2.3.1: DFD 1st level E:my project level df (5).jpg Figure 2.3.2 E:PROGECTdrawing diagram dfdDrawing4.jpg Figure 2.3.3 E:PROGECTdrawing diagram dfdDrawing5.jpg C:Documents and SettingsALLAHDesktop level df (11).jpg Entity relationship diagram C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorDesktopdfd4.JPG Entity A person, place, object events about which we need to compare store data are called as entities E.g. students, book, department Relational ship A relationship captures how two or more entities are related to one another. Relationships can be thought of as verbs linking two or more nouns. Relationships are represented as diamonds, connected by lines to each of the entities in the relationship. Relationship instance-link between entities (corresponds to primary key-foreign key equivalencies in related tables) Relationship type-category of relationshipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦link between entity types Attributes Attributes are the properties of entities relationship in other attributes is used to describe entities relationship in the ER diagram an entity has many attributes there for it needs to identifier. A key is attributes, group of attributes which we can use to identify an entity uniquely. Entity types E:my projectpicture]dd.jpg ERD diagram for Victoria hospital system D:tt.JPG Appointment to Patient One patient must have one appointment this is called one to one relationship and this is mandatory One appointment must have one patient this is called one to one relationship and this is mandatory Appointment to GP One GP have many appointments this is called one to many relationship and this is optional One appointment must have one GP this is called one to one relationship and this is mandatory Appointment to nurse One nurse have many appointments this is called one to many relationship and this is optional One appointment have many nurse this is called one to many relationship and this is optional Appointment to treatment One treatment have many appointments this is called one to many relationship and this is optional One appointment have many treatment this is called one to many relationship and this is optional Treatment to clinic One treatment have many clinic this is called one to many relationship and this is optional One clinic have many treatment this is called one to many relationship and this is optional E:my project1235.jpg TASK 4 Requirement specification NO Requirements BSO 1 BSO2 BSO3 BSO4 BSO5 1 Register patient Æ’Â ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ 2 Invoice the patient Æ’Â ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ 3 Inquiring handling â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ »Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ 4 Accept patient ordering Æ’Â ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ 5 printing debater report Æ’Â ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ 6 Medical laboratories Æ’Â » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ 7 Arrange the delivery Æ’Â ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ » 8 Printing a patient report Æ’Â » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ » â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼ Business system option (BSO) The set of Business System Options which is compiled so that a selection can be made. The selected Business System Option is a description of a chosen system development direction. The description documents the system boundary, inputs, outputs and the transformation taking place within the boundary. Essentially, the description is textual with supporting products such as Data Flow Diagrams, a Logical Data Structure and a Work Practice Model Technical system option (TSO) The set of Technical System Options which has been developed so that the system development direction can be chosen. Each option documents the functions to be incorporated and details implementation requirements. Each description is textual with some planning information. Functional elements are taken directly from the Requirements Specification Logical System Specification NO requirement TSO1 TSO2 TSO3 TSO4 TSO5 1 Visual basic 2007 Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â » 2 Windows 2003 Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ 3 Java J2SE Development Kit (JDK) 5.0 Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 4 CCT camera Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 5 A Server Machine Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 6 Firefox 9.02 latest version Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ 7 5 clients,1GB Ram,80GB Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ 8 SQL Server Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 9 Windows 2007 Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 10 Laser Printer Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ 11 Scanner Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 12 Credit Card reader Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ 13 JDBC 3.0 compliant driver Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 14 IIS Server Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 15 Dot matrix printer Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 16 Wi5 connection Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ 17 Win 2003 server Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â ¼ 18 Barcode reader Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â » Æ’Â » 19 Credit card Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ Æ’Â » Æ’Â ¼ . TASK 5 Fact-finding technique Interviews Questionnaires Observations Sampling Record-searching Fact-finding technique Fact-finding is a main activity in system investigation. In this chapter, the functioning of the method is to be understood by the system analyst to design the proposed system. Different methods are used for this and these are known as fact-finding techniques. The analyst needs to fully understand the current system. The analyst wants data about the requirements and demands of the project undertaken and the technique employed to gather this records are identified as fact-finding techniques. Various kinds of techniques are used and the most popular with them are interviews, questionnaires, record reviews, case tools and also the personal observations made by the analyst himself. Each of these techniques is additional dealt in next pages. Two people can go into the same area to gather facts and experience entirely different results. One spends weeks and gets incomplete and misleading data. The other is finished in a few hours and has complete and solid facts. This session outlines some of the things a person can do to achieve the latter. It covers: Interviews Interviewing is the one of the most common method in fact finding. It bring the analysis Into a direct contact with the users where he gets an opportunity to listen in to the opinion (advantage disadvantages) about the existing system also to identify the issues propose solutions the new system Interview is a very effective fact finding techniques. But the main problem is that it requires a lot of resources, especially time. So it is very important to plan the interview before hand the analysis is required to have considerable amount of skills Interview needs a start from the top level management to get permission also get an overview idea about the total system. Then the interview process can be move to which will provide more more specific details Interviews are not required to find out how exactly a system should work, but it needs to deter mine the needs of the users that we have to satisfy with a new system. The success of the interview depends upon the skills of the interviewer the preparation for the interview. Choose the person who is mostly appropriate for the interview Preparation for the interview Setting a proper date, and time ,venue the topic Correct sequence of questions These factors should include in an interview plan before conducing it. There are 3 types of questions usually asked in an interview Open questions Closed questions Probes questions Open question general questions that relates with the personal view on the subject Example-  Ã‚   what do you think of .?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is your opinion of ?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How could . be improved. Advantages   Puts the interviewee at ease.   Permits extra questioning into area that was not anticipated during interview scheduling.   Provide detail. Disadvantages   interview may get off the track (i.e. the interviewer lose control of the interview) can be time-consuming, particularly if the interviewer is experience Closed question > question that is needed direct answer

La Grotte Cosquer :: Pre-Historic Art Essays

La Grotte Cosquer Not too long ago Henri Cosquer was swimming, 110 ft. below sea level, through a long, narrow, and treacherous entry passage, the warm Mediterranean waters closing in all around him. The darkness was so thick he could almost feel it. Finally, after what seemed an eternity, Henri pulled himself out of the murky waters and onto the rough, dry floor of what seemed to be a large cave. After his eyes focused and his breathing had settled back to its normal rhythm, Cosquer beheld a sight not seen by human eyes in over 12,000 years: an unmolested, unspoiled cavern last occupied by the mysterious Cro-Magnons who painted the spectacular designs on the soft stone walls of what would later be known as La Grotte Cosquer. Cosquer cave was first discovered in 1985. Professional deep-sea diver Henri Cosquer discovered the 175-meter tunnel below Cabo Morgiou near Marseilles, France (â€Å"The Cosquer Cave†). It was not until 1991, when Cosquer returned to the grotto, that he noticed a single hand print silhouette that lead to the discovery of several dozen prehistoric paintings and engravings (â€Å"Grotto Cosquer†). As soon as the cave was reported to authorities at the French Ministry of Culture, Jean Clottes and Jean Courtin were sent to oversee the research of this incredible find. Jean Clottes currently serves as General Conservator of the National Heritage and Advisor on Prehistoric Art to the French Ministry of Culture and the French Community. Jeans Courtin was previously in charge of antiquities in the Provence region of France and Co-Director of Research for the National Center for Scientific Research (â€Å"The Cave Beneath the Sea†). Under Clottes and Courtin many facts about the origin of these paintings have been uncovered. Apparently the creators of these prehistoric works of art used a pallet of colors consisting of hematite or ochre for the red mineral pigment, and manganese dioxide for the charcoal black pigment. Only about one third of the total artwork in Cosquer is done using paint; the others are engravings done in the cave’s soft limestone walls (â€Å"Grotto Cosquer†).

Me Talk Pretty One Day Essay

Me Talk Pretty One Day. The title already starts questions and as you get through the essay, it makes perfect sense and creates a meaning to the title. Sedaris is the narrator throughout the essay and nearly at the beginning of the story you finds his tone throughout the essay is kind of a depressed tone, it sounds like he is depressed and put down by the instructor of his french course. Sedaris is passionate in leaning French. He moves to France and starts school there, so that he would learn the language better than he could in America. On his first day Sedaris watches his fellow students catch up with each other, discussing their summer vacations and the latest news about mutual friends. He has a number of first impressions: they appear much younger (he is now forty-one years old), they are definitely much more attractive, and they all appear to speak French flawlessly. Sedaris soon feels a little out of his element, until his French teacher arrives and makes him feel like a complete imbecile. However, Sedaris is not alone in being belittled by his instructor for she did not just pick on him but the rest of the class. However, he still went home every night and studied everything so that he could go to class the next day and know just a little more so the teacher wouldn’t pick on him as much. You find the depressed tone again during class, that everyone wanted to be there but at the same time didn’t want to be there. The teacher rode on a high horse because she didn’t speak only fluent French but 4 other languages too, including English, which she shows to Sedaris by saying in English â€Å"I hate you, I really hate you. (Found on page 3, last paragraph) Now why in her right mind does the teacher feel the need to put everyone down, and to say something of this nature stating that she hates him. Why is that, is it because she herself has troubles in her life and she feels in her time of power of being the professor of a French course and the only one that can speak it fluently, that she can emasculate everyone in the class. But through all of that all of the students including Sedaris, go home every night and study their French for hours on end, an example of it is stated on page 14, 1st paragraph. â€Å"I took to spending 4 hours a night on my homework, putting in even more time when we were assigned an essay. † Because of that the tone suddenly switches from a depressed tone to an upbeat tone right towards the end of the essay when Sedaris states, â€Å"Understanding doesn’t mean that you can suddenly speak the language. Far from it. It’s a small step, nothing more, yet it’s rewards are intoxicating and deceptive. The teacher continued her diatribe and I settled back, bathing in the subtle beauty of each new curse and insult. † From that moment, the professor goes on to belittle Sedaris but this time he isn’t hurt or insulted by it. He takes from it and with confidence replies to her insults with, â€Å"I know the thing that you speak exact now. Talk me more, you, plus, please, plus. Leaving you with a feeling of happiness and joy knowing that Sedaris gained his confidence back. From the tone of the essay, it makes everything feel a lot better in the end. The use of the â€Å"French† in the essay, gives meaning to the times where you dont understand what the counterpart is saying applying the use of words that doesn’t exist creates a confusion but also an understantment of how Sedaris feels when the teacher is talking to him. Here you can see the words meimslsxp; lgpdmurct; apzkiubjxow; palicmkrexis; fiuscrzsa; ticiwelmun; kfdtinvfm; vkkdyo; kdeynfulh. Understanding and speaking do not automatically go hand in hand, but it is better to understand rather than to speak. Which is the point the author is trying to make through the entire selection.. David Sedaris takes a stroll down memory lane in his anecdote about his experience learning to speak French in Paris, under the rule of a cruel dictator-like teacher. He describes certain moments of intense cruelty of the teacher, such as when one girl in his class doesn’t know the correct irregular past tense of the verb to defeat. The girl was poked in the eye with a freshly sharpened pencil, and the teacher, although remorseful, did not spend much time apologizing. The students in the class are not fluent in French, and their halting sentences, when translated, sound like â€Å"sometime me cry alone at night†¦that be common for I, also, but be more strong, you. † This is the exact way that a student of a foreign language would speak, and it illuminates the difference between speaking a language so that others could possibly understand you, and understanding the language.

The Best Place to Live

Every person has their own ways of living life. When an individual starts to make decisions, the quality of life is always considered. People resides in different parts of the world and the lifestyles varies from where they came from. Determining for the best place to live could give a greater impact in one's life as there are two options that are worthwhile to consider. For any reasons, an individual can freely choose the lifestyle of either in urban and rural living providing the advantages and disadvantages from both places. Urban and Rural settlements affects the lifestyle of a person as it differs from the kind of education, employment opportunities and the environment they live in. Education plays an important role to a successful career depending to the quality of education a person can acquire to learn. In rural areas, poverty is one of the main problems that affects the educational outcome of the students. This often leads to individuals dropping out school just to support and provide for their parents and to also help them manage the household. Moreover, not many children living in less developed villages have the opportunity to study, especially in college. Countless amounts of people may not have the opportunity to have the future they dreamed of due to the fact of where they grew up or certain circumstances in their life that disabled them from their goals. Distance is another problem have to face because of the lack of transportation. Although many struggle to get to places due to lack of transportation, those who live in the rural area struggle more. A teacher also faces many challenges in rural schools. Teachers in rural areas are paid with low salaries and the lack of teachers is another huge obstacle on the way to education. Teachers are extremely important because they give the students a foundation to work from and help the students build their way up in life. So the lack of teachers would make a huge impact on the students life and future. In urban areas, by contrast, an advantage manifested by urban students usually takes place in advanced country and economy. All of the students can get access of the wealth and social opportunities that big cities can offer. Urban schools are usually larger in size and they particularly have the resources and facilities that the rural area tends to lack. Most of the schools in the cities have advanced and qualified teachers as they get ahold of continuing trainings and workshops. The range of employment options must be considered when choosing a kind of job. In Urban areas where the population is high and extremely populated, most people intend to apply for jobs where they can get a good salary. According to the research from Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), â€Å"the most high-skilled, high paying occupations tend to cluster in urban areas. Urban centers tend to specialize in knowledge-based work with high concerns of Technicians, Engineers, Scientist and Executives, while in rural areas have larger concentration of Machinist and Makers, which generally require less skill and receive lower salaries.† (Florida 2012).In rural areas, residents do not have enough employment options due to the lack of job opportunities and most people has an inverse relationship with agriculture. In contrary, urban areas are developed in an a planned and systematic way in terms of industrialisation. A division of labor is always present in the urban settlement for job allotment and because of the great opportunities for growth and the concentration of people, urban areas are preferred for developmental programs where the business are most likely invested. Environmental conditions gives an impact on an individual's quality of life. People living in remote places is usually described as a quiet and peaceful paradise which is a perfect place to unwind and escape from hustle and bustle of the city life. Besides rural areas are less crowded because there are not many people and cars. The scenery in rural areas are beautiful and well- conserved thus the people can enjoy the nature and have a peaceful mind. In contrast with the city dwellers, who lead a hectic life and often feel annoyed due to great stress in the daily life such as traffic, dealing with higher rates of crime and paying higher taxes. With regards to the nature, the trees are cut in urban areas for construction of roads and buildings that results to the lost of agricultural lands. The pollution and the deforestation has led to environmental imbalance and health problems, which shadow the future of urban living. Urban settlements are determined by the advanced conveniences, opportunities of education, facilities for transport, and business while the rural settlements are based more on natural resources and events. For a person who plans to reside on a specific place and get the kind of dream life however, will note the contrast between the settlement options along with how it differs in the quality of education, employment options, and the environment in both rural and urban areas.

Bottled Water Essay

Bottled water is one of the easiest ways for getting â€Å"good† water. Bottled water is every where in offices, airplanes, stores, homes and restaurants across the country. People think that bottled water is the best option for their health instead of drinking tap water because they say tap water is not completely pure. What they don’t know is that tap water is the same as drinking bottled water because industries like Nestle gives us tap water in plastic bottles. Plastic bottles contain many chemicals that damage our system by giving us different diseases. This increases the risk of people getting diseases while years pass. People don’t research enough about how is bottled water is made and how they are just taking away our money in this type of products. Before watching the video about bottled water, I realized how bottled water affects our system like a person and how it affects our environment. After watching the video I really didn’t drank bottled water because I am an ecologic person. I have always recycled bottles and in my old school I promoted ways to recycle bottles, and why to recycle. I realized all the pollution is going on in the earth and I like to keep it clean. Even if I am the only person who is recycling one person makes some how some difference for the planet to breath at least a little bit. It makes me sad how people don’t care about our planet knowing all the struggles and the lack of resources we now have. I have my personal plastic bottled to refill to drink water. This is some how good for the planet because we can use one water bottled and drink tap water and recycle. If industries like Nestle are giving us tap water in their fancy plastic bottles to make us believe that they are giving us pure water, why not drink tap water if it is the same. In reality, bottled water is just water. Bottle water means garbage, plastic bottles just makes more garbage in the planet and not all of them are recycled as the recycled industries say they are. Most of them end in the Pacific Ocean, rivers, lakes, etc. Plastic bottles besides killing us with their chemicals they also kill animals. This plastic bottles end up in lakes and in natural environments. Fish, birds, and other animals end up eating some how plastic because it is in their environment, this increases the percentage of animals dying in our natural environment; causing endangered animals. It makes me sad how people knowing how plastic bottles or even in my Earth Science class know how tap water is the same as bottled water are the same and they keep buying them. Why not buy your own plastic water and drink tap water if it is going to be the same kind of product and this way we can recycle by using the same water bottle many times, and drinking the same product that industries like Nestle are providing us in bottled water. I hope that with this critical analysis some of my classmates realize how bottled water is bad for their health and how bottled water damage not only us but also our environment. There are many things going on besides bottled water polluting our environment and damage other living animals. Lets no be selfish and take in consideration all of this information. http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/faq/pdfs/fs_healthseries_bottlewater.pdf http://www.rd.com/health/rethink-what-you-drink/ http://www.chem.duke.edu/~jds/cruise_chem/water/wattap.html http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/tapped/